The COVID-19 pandemic has caused drastic alternations in human life in all aspects. The government's laws in this regard affected the lifestyle of all people. Due to this fact studying the sentiment of individuals is essential to be aware of the future impacts of the coming pandemics. To contribute to this aim, we proposed an NLP (Natural Language Processing) model to analyze open-text answers in a survey in Persian and detect positive and negative feelings of the people in Iran. In this study, a distilBert transformer model was applied to take on this task. We deployed three approaches to perform the comparison, and our best model could gain accuracy: 0.824, Precision: 0.824, Recall: 0.798, and F1 score: 0.804.

基于方面的情感分析非常重要和应用，因为它能够识别文本中讨论的所有方面。但是，基于方面的情感分析将是最有效的，除了确定文本中讨论的所有方面外，它还可以识别其极性。大多数以前的方法都使用管道方法，即，它们首先识别各个方面，然后识别极性。此类方法不适合实际应用，因为它们可以导致模型错误。因此，在这项研究中，我们提出了一个基于卷积神经网络（CNN）的多任务学习模型，该模型可以同时检测方面类别并检测方面类别的极性。单独创建模型可能不会提供最佳的预测，并导致诸如偏见和高方差之类的错误。为了减少这些错误并提高模型预测的效率，将几种称为合奏学习的模型组合在一起可以提供更好的结果。因此，本文的主要目的是创建一个基于多任务深度卷积神经网络合奏的模型，以增强波斯评论中的情感分析。我们使用电影域中的波斯语数据集评估了提出的方法。 jacquard索引和锤损失措施用于评估开发模型的性能。结果表明，这种新方法提高了波斯语中情感分析模型的效率。

With Twitter's growth and popularity, a huge number of views are shared by users on various topics, making this platform a valuable information source on various political, social, and economic issues. This paper investigates English tweets on the Russia-Ukraine war to analyze trends reflecting users' opinions and sentiments regarding the conflict. The tweets' positive and negative sentiments are analyzed using a BERT-based model, and the time series associated with the frequency of positive and negative tweets for various countries is calculated. Then, we propose a method based on the neighborhood average for modeling and clustering the time series of countries. The clustering results provide valuable insight into public opinion regarding this conflict. Among other things, we can mention the similar thoughts of users from the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and most Western European countries versus the shared views of Eastern European, Scandinavian, Asian, and South American nations toward the conflict.

Recently, many attempts have been made to construct a transformer base U-shaped architecture, and new methods have been proposed that outperformed CNN-based rivals. However, serious problems such as blockiness and cropped edges in predicted masks remain because of transformers' patch partitioning operations. In this work, we propose a new U-shaped architecture for medical image segmentation with the help of the newly introduced focal modulation mechanism. The proposed architecture has asymmetric depths for the encoder and decoder. Due to the ability of the focal module to aggregate local and global features, our model could simultaneously benefit the wide receptive field of transformers and local viewing of CNNs. This helps the proposed method balance the local and global feature usage to outperform one of the most powerful transformer-based U-shaped models called Swin-UNet. We achieved a 1.68% higher DICE score and a 0.89 better HD metric on the Synapse dataset. Also, with extremely limited data, we had a 4.25% higher DICE score on the NeoPolyp dataset. Our implementations are available at: https://github.com/givkashi/Focal-UNet

The recent breakthroughs in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) have enabled many new capabilities across plenty of application domains. While most existing machine learning models require large memory and computing power, efforts have been made to deploy some models on resource-constrained devices as well. There are several systems that perform inference on the device, while direct training on the device still remains a challenge. On-device training, however, is attracting more and more interest because: (1) it enables training models on local data without needing to share data over the cloud, thus enabling privacy preserving computation by design; (2) models can be refined on devices to provide personalized services and cope with model drift in order to adapt to the changes of the real-world environment; and (3) it enables the deployment of models in remote, hardly accessible locations or places without stable internet connectivity. We summarize and analyze the-state-of-art systems research to provide the first survey of on-device training from a systems perspective.

Natural Language Inference (NLI) or Recognizing Textual Entailment (RTE) aims at predicting the relation between a pair of sentences (premise and hypothesis) as entailment, contradiction or semantic independence. Although deep learning models have shown promising performance for NLI in recent years, they rely on large scale expensive human-annotated datasets. Semi-supervised learning (SSL) is a popular technique for reducing the reliance on human annotation by leveraging unlabeled data for training. However, despite its substantial success on single sentence classification tasks where the challenge in making use of unlabeled data is to assign "good enough" pseudo-labels, for NLI tasks, the nature of unlabeled data is more complex: one of the sentences in the pair (usually the hypothesis) along with the class label are missing from the data and require human annotations, which makes SSL for NLI more challenging. In this paper, we propose a novel way to incorporate unlabeled data in SSL for NLI where we use a conditional language model, BART to generate the hypotheses for the unlabeled sentences (used as premises). Our experiments show that our SSL framework successfully exploits unlabeled data and substantially improves the performance of four NLI datasets in low-resource settings. We release our code at: https://github.com/msadat3/SSL_for_NLI.

Automatic topic classification has been studied extensively to assist managing and indexing scientific documents in a digital collection. With the large number of topics being available in recent years, it has become necessary to arrange them in a hierarchy. Therefore, the automatic classification systems need to be able to classify the documents hierarchically. In addition, each paper is often assigned to more than one relevant topic. For example, a paper can be assigned to several topics in a hierarchy tree. In this paper, we introduce a new dataset for hierarchical multi-label text classification (HMLTC) of scientific papers called SciHTC, which contains 186,160 papers and 1,233 categories from the ACM CCS tree. We establish strong baselines for HMLTC and propose a multi-task learning approach for topic classification with keyword labeling as an auxiliary task. Our best model achieves a Macro-F1 score of 34.57% which shows that this dataset provides significant research opportunities on hierarchical scientific topic classification. We make our dataset and code available on Github.

尽管在许多控制任务中进行了大量的应用和深入的强化学习的成功，但它仍然存在许多关键问题和局限性，包括具有稀疏奖励的时间信用分配，缺乏有效的探索以及对对超级参数的脆弱融合，这对超级参与者非常敏感问题。持续控制中深厚的强化学习的问题以及进化算法在面对其中一些问题方面的成功，已经出现了进化增强学习的想法，这引起了许多争议。尽管在该领域的一些研究中取得了成功的结果，但针对这些问题及其局限性的适当解决方案尚待提出。本研究旨在研究进一步加强强化学习和进化计算的两个领域的效率，并朝着改善方法和现有挑战迈出一步。 “使用精英缓冲液的进化深度强化学习”算法通过互动学习能力和人脑中的假设结果的灵感引入了一种新的机制。在这种方法中，精英缓冲液的利用（这是受到人类思想的经验概括的启发），以及跨界和突变操作员的存在，以及连续一代的交互式学习，具有提高的效率，收敛性和收敛性，收敛性和在连续控制领域的正确进步。根据实验的结果，所提出的方法超过了具有高复杂性和维度的环境中的其他知名方法，并且在解决上述问题和局限性方面表现出色。

对文本生成的最新基于嵌入的评估指标的评估主要是基于衡量其与标准基准评估的相关性。但是，这些基准主要是从相似的域到用于浏览单词嵌入的域。这引起了人们对将基于嵌入的指标（缺乏）概括为新的和嘈杂的域的（缺乏）概括，这些指标包含与预处理数据不同的词汇。在本文中，我们研究了BertScore的鲁棒性，BertScore是文本生成最受欢迎的基于嵌入的指标之一。我们表明，（a）基于嵌入的度量与人类在标准基准上具有最高相关性的基于嵌入的度量，如果输入噪声或未知代币的量增加，则具有最低的相关性，（b）从预处理的第一层中嵌入的嵌入模型改善了所有指标的鲁棒性，并且（c）使用字符级嵌入式（而不是基于令牌的嵌入），从预科模型的第一层中实现了最高的鲁棒性。

需要下一代无线网络以同时满足各种服务和标准。为了解决即将到来的严格条件，开发了具有柔性设计，分解虚拟和可编程组件以及智能闭环控制等特征的新型开放式访问网络（O-RAN）。面对不断变化的情况，O-Ran切片被研究为确保网络服务质量（QoS）的关键策略。但是，必须动态控制不同的网络切片，以避免由环境快速变化引起的服务水平一致性（SLA）变化。因此，本文介绍了一个新颖的框架，能够通过智能提供的提供资源来管理网络切片。由于不同的异质环境，智能机器学习方法需要足够的探索来处理无线网络中最严厉的情况并加速收敛。为了解决这个问题，提出了一种新解决方案，基于基于进化的深度强化学习（EDRL），以加速和优化无线电访问网络（RAN）智能控制器（RIC）模块中的切片管理学习过程。为此，O-RAN切片被表示为Markov决策过程（MDP），然后最佳地解决了资源分配，以使用EDRL方法满足服务需求。在达到服务需求方面，仿真结果表明，所提出的方法的表现优于DRL基线62.2％。